What is rabies?

　Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus; both animals and people can be infected, therefore, the disease was also known as the fear of water, rabies, and so on.The rabies virus spreads mainly among animals. The infection mainly through animal bites, the rabies virus in the saliva teeth invaded into the human body. Once get rabies, its development could be very fast, mainly in 3-5 days and there is rarely more than 10 days, the mortality was 100%.

Bitten by rabies, surely get rabies?

　A: Not absolutely, some scholars found that even got bitten by the real mad rabies or other animals, and had not taken any preventive measures; the results are only 30% -70% people get rabies.

Whether there are many affected factors after rabies bite:

　1. That’s due to the number of rabies virus that entered the human body, if the mad dog bites incidence at the time of the early stages, the rabies virus in its saliva would be less than that in the later stage.

　2. The serious extent of the bite also affected the bitten incidence. Large area deep bite wounds will bring out incident more frequently than on the very small superficial injuries;

　3. More than a single site of bites would easily morbidity, and the incubation period would be shorter.

　4. Correct and timely handling wounds after the bites is the first line of defense of rabies prevention, correctly treat the wound in time, and take anti-rabies treatment after exposure can significantly reduce the risk of disease.

　5. It is harder to incubation for infected through mucosa than infected by bitten on the skin, and the type of depression are cases of rabies.

　6. Crazy animal bites the part close to the site of the central nervous system or peripheral nerve rich site such as head, face and neck, the mortality is higher than bite limbs morbidity.

　7. People has lower resistance than would be more vulnerable and that people has strong resistance.

How to handle the wounds after being bitten?

　1. Immediately squeeze venom with the blood or cupping for drugs after being bitten, but it can not use mouth to suction the blood on the wound.

　2. Clean thoroughly with 20% soapy water or 1% new Bromogeramine, and then wash with clean water, follows the 2% to 3% iodine or 75% alcohol for partial disinfection.

　3. Local suture wounds could not be bandage, spread with ointment and powder for detoxification, large and deep wounds and injuries vascular suture such as injuries on head and face, need bandaging, should not to hinder the drainage, to ensure the full washing and disinfection as the prerequisite for doing antiserum after treatment.

　4. Anti-toxins and other anti-infection treatment can be used at the same time to control infections other than the rabies infection, but the injection site should be different from that of the anti-rabies virus and rabies vaccine.

What symptoms are there after people got rabies?

　People have been infected with the rabies virus after the animal bites, the incubation period without any symptoms, slowly progressive, very few clinical symptoms occurred within 20 days, most cases happens after 30 days and even 4-6 months later.

　In the early stage, patients may have symptoms like fever, headache, get lazy, nausea, irritability, anxiety, and so on. Then, the patients could become uncommonly sensitive of the stimulation of the voices, wind and light, slightly stimulated would immediate let them feel the throat tightness. Area around the wounds would have the feelings of numbness, abnormal feeling pain, hands and feet would have the feelings that there are ants crawling on it.

　After two or three days, the patient enters into the exciting period. Patients would in a highly excited state. The outstanding performance for the extreme terror, fear of water, fear of wind, there will be a serious throat muscle spasm while encounter with voice, light, wind. Although the patients are very thirsty, they dare to drink water; even drink could not hypopharynx, or even hears the voice of flowing water or others talks about water, there will also be throat spasm. In severe cases, patients have pain and twitching body, resulting in breathing difficulties. Most of the rabies patients are thought sober; However, there are some patients getting mental disorders, take insensitive.

　Two or three days after the exciting period, the patient becomes calm, however, resulting systemic paralysis, respiratory function and blood circulation system will fail, and quickly fell into a coma, die after 10 hours or so. The duration of rabies generally will be not more than six days.

　Fear of water is one of the most manic symptoms of rabies, the performance of fearing water is not seen in other diseases, it is a proof of the disease.

Tens of years later, people could turn out the symptom after the bitten?

　Provided have not take timely preventive measures after the bitten by rabies, some people will turn out the symptoms 10 years after it, but performance after several decades still lack scientific proof.

What are the channels for the rabies virus enter into the human body and reproduce?

　The most important way is when the infected animal bites people, the rabies virus through saliva enters the human body, the rabies virus can also enter through the normal mucosa enters the human body, when the splash of liquid rabies virus enters into the eyes, it could enters the human body through the eye conjunctiva, but examples of entering into the human body in this way are much less, so do the examples of inhaling air with rabies virus, only if the rabies virus in the air achieves a high degree of concentration.

　The virus invades in the bite site, just stay in a short period of time in the local organizations, just 1-2 weeks.Virus could invade the neighboring peripheral nerve from the neuromuscular junction of nerve receptors or other nerve tissue of the nerve cell receptors, or the exposure superficial mucosal nerve receptors.

Could rabies be transmitted by people to people contact?

　People-to-people contact would not generally spread rabies, only patient of rabies bite a healthy person, could the disease transmitted to the bitten person in theory, only the person has the disease or a few days before its turn out has the possibility of transmit virus to others, use the contaminated appliances of the rabies patient the possibility of infection is very small, transplant the organs, organizations, such as corneal of the rabies patient to the healthy people will has high health risk.

Rabies vaccine will be effective only within 24 hours of be bitten by rabies or suspected rabies?

　In principle, the sooner takes the rabies vaccination, the better the effect is. However, vaccinates more than 24 hours, as long as the vaccine came into effect, that is, before vaccine to stimulate the body turns out generate enough immunity before the disease turns out, the vaccine can be effective, for patients has been exposed for several days or several months and has not been vaccinated for rabies vaccine for various reasons, as long as it can get vaccines, he should take injection just like the one just being exposed as soon as possible, so that it could take effect before the virus comes into work, then, the dose of a shot or two before the inoculation needle should be redoubled.

How to know whether the vaccine inoculation is effective?

　In order to know whether the vaccine inoculation is effect vaccination, can take a full inspection about half a month after the end of serum anti-rabies virus antibody levels. If the serum anti-rabies virus antibody was negative, can further strengthened 2-3 dose injection for turn antibody to be positive. If not effective, have a test of the cellular immune indicators, in general, the whole (5 pin) inoculation of qualified rabies vaccine, especially with the serum and yet more than half a month after the occurrence of rabies, rabies vaccination's risk of failure would be small, that is generally not infect rabies again.

Could young couples have children in the period rabies vaccine inoculation?

　No ingredients in the rabies vaccine could affect human reproductive cells chromosome, and do harm to the humanity at gene level, and will not effect on embryonic or fetal mental development and physical development. So young couples take rabies vaccine in the vaccination period need not to worry about it, they could be ready to have children at all times.

Rabies vaccine has contraindications?

　Taking into account that rabies is a fatal disease, weighing the pros and cons of the circumstances for the high risk exposure, there is no contraindications, should immediately vaccinated. In case of rabies risk is smaller, if the person has got fever, can wait until body temperature turns down. People has the symptoms of serious allergic reaction, should vaccinated with emergency drug, such as epinephrine.

　Patients have taken steroids, anti-malarial drugs should increase the dose of vaccine and at half a year after the at injection one dose of vaccine determinate the antibody titer, then, as appropriate, to take further measures, the same as the treatment of other diseases injecting the immunosuppressive drugs, in order to prove whether the disease vaccine produced a sufficient immune effect. Vaccination another kind of disease prevention vaccine, could inject rabies vaccine, but need to stagger the inoculation site.

Patients have injected rabies vaccine have to take again when bitten by dogs again?

　For patient have taken before or after the effective exposure the whole vaccine inoculation, if there is lesser recurrence within a year of suspicious contacts, immediately wash the wound with soap, while closely observing the bite of dogs within 10 days whether the incidence without vaccination. When the patient has incidence of bites immediately take a rabies vaccine injection; if it is one year after being bitten again, on the same day, three days a needle injection of the vaccine can be ok. For serious bites, the vaccination received before lasts a long time, the effectiveness of the vaccine in doubt, the entire process should be re-5 needle’s exposed preventive vaccine immunization, if necessary, including the rabies immune globulin.

Veterinary pet has had rabies vaccine injections bites, the one being bitten also need to take rabies vaccine?

　Pet dogs, cats have been vaccinated in accordance with the regulations adequate to meet the requirements of the veterinary rabies vaccine, in the vaccine immunization period, have had a minor bite, the wound can only partial cleansing and disinfection, the people does not need to have a injection of rabies vaccine. But if the bite is serious, or adult dogs do not take enough pin counts, or vaccination shows ineffective due to the long after the immunization period, the vaccine failure, it is better for the person to be inoculated with the rabies vaccine for relatively safe.

How long is the rabies incubation period?

　The incubation period means the time when the person was infected by some certain pathogens and began to show symptoms of the disease, this period is known as the incubation period of the disease. The rabies incubation period is generally two weeks to three months, most of the cases concentrated in the 30-90 days, the case for more than one year is less than 1%, and the individual can achieve 14 years, 19 years. Less than 15 days, more than one year’s case is rare, the incubation period within one year’s cases takes accounted for more than 99%.

Could the rabies vaccines be used alternatively from people to animals for prevention?

　It could not, for what the people use is the virus has been killed by vaccines, while that of animals is the most virulence weakened live vaccine toxicity, and its toxicity to a certain kind of animal is the suitability after several experiments, so that, rabies vaccine apply to cattle may not be used for sheep and cats, we can only use it in accordance with the attached statement of vaccine.

What animals can be infected with rabies?

　Various livestock, poultry and small mammals are susceptible to rabies; various wild animals can be infected. Anyway, almost all creatures, including birds can be infected with rabies. The same animal specie are more susceptible.

　The animal sensitivity of the rabies virus are as follows:

　The most sensitive: the fox, mountain dog, validity wolf, jackal, wolves, kangaroos and the cotton rat.

　Sensitive: hamster, skunk, raccoon, Weasel, bats, Weasel, guinea pigs, rabbits and other rodents.

　Moderate sensitive: dogs, cattle, horses, sheep and primates.

　Low-sensitive: negative mice.

The rabies virus-resistant is strong?

　Rabies virus does not have strong resistance of the external environment, and the generally disinfection, heat and solar radiation can be stripped it of its vitality, the rabies virus are sensitive to the Bubble lipid solvent, acid, alkali, 45% to 70% of the alcohol, formalin, iodine preparations Bromogeramine, but it less susceptible to water-inactivated, sulfa drugs and antibiotics, in winter the wild dog died of the virus in the brain tissue of 4 ℃ could be stored for months, and it is resistant of dry and cold environment.

The meat, milk of the crazy animals and the livestock bite by the crazy animal can be consumed?

　It is sure that the meat of animals rabies is not eatable, and should be incinerated or buried, because in the animal's body the rabies virus has widely existed, it is possible in the process of slaughter the virus infects throught the small entrance in hands.

　The livestock bite by rabid animal has the mean removed (range should be bigger) in the seven days could eatable. But the people has wound in hands should not do the slaughter work, the ticked meat should be burned or buried.

　Milk of the crazy animals and livestock bite by them has the same processing principle as the meat.